Biological and Cultural Prerequisites of Man as Moral Human Being

Abstract

Biological and Cultural Prerequisites of Man as Moral Human Being. – One of the problems Fromm was dealing with during his life was the conflict of the good and evil in the life of a contemporary man. While studying psychoanalysis, breakdown of the values in the two World Wars led him to even pay attention to important humanistic philosophical systems as well as social sciences. Thanks to this fact and his creative way of Freud’s theory new interpretations he arrived to new knowledge in the field of social relationships. In our paper, we focus on biological and cultural presuppositions analysis leading of a man to his moral actions. We present Gluchman’s theory of the so called “spiritual superstructure”, instinciivistic theories by Freud and Lorenz, neo-behaviouristic theory by Skinner and cultural formula based on genetic potentiality and theory by Wilson. We confront these statements with Fromm’s character structure theory as an alternative of the insufficient instinctive human capability, which is based on duality of the potentialities – tendencies to the good and evil.