Současné pohledy na kategorii pohoda (well-being)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14712/23362189.2024.4485Klíčová slova:
pohoda, definice pohody, teorie pohody, typy pohody, diagnostika pohody, intervenceAbstrakt
Přehledová studie se věnuje pojmu, jenž vzbuzuje v posledních desetiletích zvýšený zájem odborníků z různých oborů, třebaže jeho základy položili filozofové už v antickém Řecku (viz dva základní přístupy – hedonismus a eudaimonismus). Navíc jde o pojem, pro nějž se obtížně hledá český ekvivalent. Mnozí čeští autoři tento pojem nepřekládají a pracují s celosvětově používaným anglickým termínem well-being. Jiná skupina českých autorů pracuje s termínem pohoda či osobní pohoda. Výklad celé problematiky je rozdělen do osmi částí. První část přibližuje staletou historii pojmu pohoda (well-being) a jeho proměny od antiky až po dnešek. Druhá část shrnuje současné snahy o definování pojmu pohoda a upozorňuje, že odborníci zatím nedospěli ke konsenzu. Třetí část nabízí přehled celého spektra teorií pohody a snaží se vysvětlit, z čeho vycházejí, na co kladou důraz a jak se dají využít. Čtvrtá část je zajímavá tím, že ukazuje, jak se jednotlivé vědní obory navzájem odlišují v chápání pohody a v práci s ní. Pro ilustraci byly vybrány tyto obory: medicína, pedagogika, psychologie, sociologie a nejnovější trend – multidisciplinární přístup. Pátá část přehledové studie prezentuje rozdílné typy pohody, které se v zahraniční odborné literatuře objevují. Naše analýza identifikovala celkem 30 různých typů pohody. Šestá část výkladu se soustřeďuje na diagnostikování pohody. Nabízí soubor 21 dotazníků zjišťujících míru pohody u dětí, adolescentů i dospělých osob. Sedmá část si zvolila téma, které zajímá širokou veřejnost, neboť se zamýšlí nad současnými poznatky o pohodě a nepohodě v prostředí školy. Poslední, osmá část přehledové studie nabízí pohled na intervence, které se snaží zlepšovat úroveň pohody u dětí a adolescentů.
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