PERMA5 – Evidence-Based Framework for Supporting Well-being among Higher Education Employees

Authors

  • Jana Kočí

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14712/23362189.2024.4509

Keywords:

well-being measurement, academic staff, Employee Well-being Scale (EWS), validation, Czech universities, PERMA5 model, positive psychology, positive education

Abstract

Addressing mental health issues among academic professionals and university staff necessitates the implementation of positive psychology and initiatives that promote positive education and health. This study focuses on the validation of the Employee Well-Being Scale at Czech universities for future national assessments, aiming to evaluate the well-being of university employees and to support the design of effective interventions to enhance the bio-psycho-social health of academic personnel based on assessment outcomes. Grounded in the new PERMA5 well-being theory, which incorporates authenticity as a key component, this study presents a comprehensive framework for fostering well-being in the academic environment. The Employee Well-Being Scale comprises 78 subcategories assessing university employees' well-being through a self-assessment mechanism on a scale from 0 (not satisfied) to 10 (completely satisfied). This study aims to support well-being initiatives in higher education in the Czech Republic and to aid in the systematic measurement of university employees' well-being globally, contributing to the overall improvement of the quality of life for academic staff.

References

Avey, J. B., Luthans, F., Smith, R. M., & Palmer, N. F. (2010). Impact of positive psychological capital on employee well-being over time. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(1), 17-28.

https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016998

PMid:20063956

Barker, R. K., Tuominen, L. P., Larson, M. R. et al. (2021). Enhancing mindfulness and well-being in higher education. International Journal of Community Well-Being, 4, 625-646.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s42413-021-00118-6

PMid:34723120 PMCid:PMC8130210

Biron, C., Brun, J.-P., & Ivers, H. (2008). Extent and sources of occupational stress in university staff. Work, 30, 511-522.

Catano, V., Francis, L., Haines, T. et al. (2010). Occupational stress in Canadian universities: A national survey. International Journal of Stress Management, 17, 232-258.

https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018582

Cropanzano, R., & Wright, T. A. (1999). A 5-year study of change in the relationship between well-being and job performance. Consulting Psychology Journal, 51, 252-265.

https://doi.org/10.1037/1061-4087.51.4.252

Donaldson, S. I., Heshmati, S., Young, J. Y., & Donaldson, S. I. (2020). Examining building blocks of well-being beyond PERMA and self-report bias. Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(6), 811-818.

https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1818813

Donaldson, S. I., Cabrera, V., & Gaffaney, J. (2021a). Following the science to generate well-being: Using the highest quality experimental evidence to design interventions. Frontiers in Psychology, 12:739352

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.739352

PMid:34975628 PMCid:PMC8715916

Donaldson, S. I., van Zyl, L. E., & Donaldson, S. I. (2021b). PERMA+4: A framework for work-related wellbeing, performance and positive organizational psychology 2.0. Frontiers in Psychology, 12:817244.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.817244

PMid:35140667 PMCid:PMC8819083

Drozd, F., Mork, L., Nielsen, B. et al. (2014). Better days: A randomized controlled trial of an internet-based positive psychology intervention. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(5), 377-388.

https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.910822

Eacker, A. (2020). Well-being definition and measures in medical education. In R. L. Byyny et al. (Eds.), Medical professionalism best practices: Addressing burnout and resilience in our profession. Aurora, Colorado: Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society.

Ecclestone, K., & Hayes, D. (2009). Changing the subject: The educational implications of developing emotional well‐being. Oxford Review of Education, 35(3), 371-389

https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980902934662

Feicht, T., Wittmann, M., Jose, G. et al. (2013). Evaluation of a seven-week web-based happiness training to improve psychological well-being, reduce stress, and enhance mindfulness and flourishing: A randomized controlled occupational health study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013:676953.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/676953

PMid:24489588 PMCid:PMC3893772

Fontinha, R., Easton, S., & Van Laar, D. (2019). Overtime and quality of working life in academics and nonacademics: The role of perceived work-life balance. International Journal of Stress Management, 26(2), 173-183.

https://doi.org/10.1037/str0000067

Fouché, C., & Martindale, K. (2011). Work-life balance: Practitioner well-being in the social work education curriculum. Social Work Education, 30(6), 675-685

https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2011.586566

Franco-Santos, M., & Doherty, N. (2017). Performance management and well-being: A close look at the changing nature of the U. K. higher education workplace. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(16), 2319-2350.

https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1334148

Guthrie, S., Lichten, C., van Belle, J. et al. (2017). Understanding mental health in the research environment: A Rapid Evidence Assessment. Santa Monica, CA: Rand.

https://doi.org/10.7249/RR2022

Iordache-Platis, M. (2020). Strategy for well-being in universities: A Romanian higher education approach. Sustainability, 12(19), 8243.

https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198243

Ivtzan, I., Young, T., Martman, J. et al. (2016). Integrating mindfulness into positive psychology: A randomised controlled trial of an online positive mindfulness program. Mindfulness, 7, 1396-1407.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0581-1

Khatri, P., & Duggal, H. K. (2022). Well-being of higher education consumers: A review and research agenda. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 46, 1564-1593.

https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12783

Kinman, G., & Johnson, S. (2019). Special section on well-being in academic employees. International Journal of Stress Management, 26(2), 159-161.

https://doi.org/10.1037/str0000131

Kočí, J. (2023a). How to build well-being in university and college students: Methodology of academic well-being promotion. Praha: Univerzita Karlova.

Kočí, J. (2023b). My well-being workbook 2.0. Praha: Pedagogická fakulta UK.

Kočí, J., & Donaldson, S. I. (2022). Zdraví a mentální well-being vysokoškolských studentů distanční výuky. Praha: Univerzita Karlova.

Kočí, J., & Donaldson, S. I. (2024). Well-being and success of university students: Applying PERMA+4. New York, NY: Routledge.

https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003378365

Kočí, J., González-Santamaria, J, & Bonilla A. D. (in press). Positive education: effects of an 11-week well-being course on university student well-being. Social Psychology of Education.

Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541-572.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x

Luthans, F., Norman, S. M., Avolio, B. J., & Avey, J. B. (2008). The mediating role of psychological capital in the supportive organizational climate-employee performance relationship. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29, 219-238.

https://doi.org/10.1002/job.507

Norrish, J. M., Williams, P., O'Connor, M., & Robinson, J. (2013). An applied framework for positive education. International Journal of Wellbeing, 3(2), 147-161.

https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v3i2.2

Padilla, M. A., & Thompson, J. N. (2016). Burning out faculty at doctoral research universities. Stress and Health, 32, 551-558.

https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2661

PMid:26620490

Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. New York: Free Press.

Seligman, M. E. P., & Adler, A. (2018). Positive education. In J. F. Helliwell, R. Layard & J. Sachs (Eds.), Global Happiness: Policy Report 2018 (s. 52-73). Global Happiness Council.

https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1437466

Schotanus-Dijkstra, M., Drossaert, C. H., Pieterse, M. E. et al. (2017). An early intervention to promote well-being and flourishing and reduce anxiety and depression: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 9, 15-24.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2017.04.002

PMid:30135833 PMCid:PMC6096189

UNESCO: Higher education. (Online). Dostupné z https://www.unesco.org/en/higher-education.

WHO, UNESCO, World Bank, & UNICEF (2000). Focusing resources on effective school health: A FRESH start to enhancing the quality and equity of education. (Online). Dostupné z https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000124086.

Wright, T. A., & Bonett, D. G. (1992). The effect of turnover on work satisfaction and mental health: Support for a situational perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(6), 603-615.

https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030130606

Wright, T. A., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2004). Commitment, psychological well-being and job performance: An examination of conservation of resources (COR) theory and job burnout. Journal of Business and Management, 9(4), 389-406.

https://doi.org/10.1504/JBM.2004.141118

Wright, T. A., Bonett, D. G., & Sweeney, D. A. (1993). Mental health and work performance: Results of a longitudinal field study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 66(4), 277-284.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1993.tb00539.x

Wright, T. A., Cropanzano, R., & Bonett, D. G. (2007). The moderating role of employee positive well-being on the relation between job satisfaction and job performance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(2), 93-104.

https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.12.2.93

PMid:17469992

Published

2024-11-15